Improving Accuracy of Battery Charge Measurement

High-precision monitoring of charge/discharge current over a wide range of EV batteries using diamond quantum sensors.

The issue of battery usage inefficiency in electric vehicles (EVs) resulting from an inaccurate battery charge measurement may finally get resolved, thanks to a diamond quantum sensor prototype developed in the MEXT Q-LEAP Flagship project with researchers from Tokyo Tech and Yazaki Corporation. The sensor can measure currents in a wide range as well as detect milliampere-level currents in a noisy environment, improving the detection accuracy from 10 percent to within 1 percent.

The popularity of EVs as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional gasoline vehicles has been on the rise. This has led to research efforts directed toward developing high-efficiency EV batteries. However, a major inefficiency in EVs results from inaccurate estimations of the battery charge. The charge state of an EV battery is measured based on the current output of the battery. This provides an estimate of the remaining driving range of the vehicles.

Typically, the battery currents in EVs can reach hundreds of amperes. However, commercial sensors that can detect such currents cannot measure small changes in the current at milliampere levels. This leads to an ambiguity of around 10 percent in the battery charge estimation. What this means is that the driving range of EVs could be extended by 10 percent. This, in turn, would reduce inefficient battery usage.

Now, a team of researchers from Japan, led by Professor Mutsuko Hatano from Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), has come up with a solution. In their study published in Scientific Reports the team has reported a diamond quantum sensor-based detection technique that can estimate the battery charge within 1 percent accuracy while measuring high currents typical of EVs.

In their work, the team made a prototype sensor using two diamond quantum sensors that were placed on either side of the busbar (electrical junction for incoming and outgoing currents) in the car. They then used a technique called “differential detection” to eliminate the common noise detected by both the sensors and retain only the actual signal. This, in turn, enabled them to detect a small current of 10 mA amid background environmental noise.

Next, the team used a mixed analog-digital control of the frequencies generated by two microwave generators to trace the magnetic resonance frequencies of the quantum sensor over a bandwidth of 1 gigahertz. This allowed for a large dynamic range (ratio of largest to smallest current detected) of ±1000 A. Moreover, a wide operating temperature range of −40 to +85 °C was confirmed to cover general vehicular applications.

Finally, the team tested this prototype for Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) driving, a standard test for energy consumption in EVs. The sensor accurately traced the charge/discharge current from -50 A to 130 A and demonstrated the battery charge estimation accuracy within 1 percent.

According to Professor Hatano, “Increasing battery usage efficiency by 10 percent would reduce battery weight by 10 percent, which will reduce 3.5 percent running energy and 5 percent production energy of 20 million new EVs in 2030 WW. This, in turn, corresponds to a 0.2 percent reduction in CO 2 emissions in 2030 WW transportation field.”

For more information, contact Mutsuko Hatano at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..